How can you assess breathing in a casualty?

To assess breathing in a casualty, it is crucial to directly observe physical signs that indicate whether the person is breathing adequately. Looking for chest rise and listening for breath sounds are key indicators; these actions help determine if air is moving in and out of the lungs, which is essential for oxygen exchange. Noting chest rise allows you to see if the lungs are expanding properly, while listening for breath sounds helps assess the quality of airflow and identify any obstructions or abnormalities.

Other methods, such as checking skin temperature, monitoring heart rate, or evaluating pupils' reaction to light, do not provide direct information about the respiratory status and are more indicative of other physiological functions. These alternatives may have their own importance in a broader assessment of a casualty's condition, but they cannot replace the direct observation of breathing, which is essential in life-threatening situations.